![[Image: 1.png]](https://i.ibb.co/nfnG5zp/1.png)
Showing what happens when the Open button is used, the up arrow moves up in the tree of your files for navigating them.
![[Image: 3.png]](https://i.ibb.co/Yct7vrc/3.png)
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# ex20: Functions and Files
from sys import argv
script, input_file = argv
def print_all(f): print(f.read())
def rewind(f): f.seek(0)
def print_a_line(line_count, f): print(line_count, f.readline())
current_file = open(input_file)
print("First let's print the whole file:\n")
print_all(current_file)
print("Now let's rewind, kind of like a tape.")
rewind(current_file)
print("Let's print three lines:")
current_line = 1 print_a_line(current_line, current_file)
current_line = current_line + 1 print_a_line(current_line, current_file)
current_line = current_line + 1 print_a_line(current_line, current_file)colin@my_new_LinuxLite4.0:~$ python3 ~/python_exp/ex20.pyTraceback (most recent call last): File "/home/colin/python_exp/ex20.py", line 7, in &tmodule&t script, input_file = argvValueError: not enough vales to unpack (expected 2, got 1)colin@my_new_LinuxLite4.0:~$#!/usr/bin/env python 3.6.![[Image: thunder.png]](https://preview.ibb.co/mfodty/thunder.png)
from random import *
thunderchoices = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39]
thunderball = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]
# Picks 5 numbers from the choices
x = sample(thunderchoices, 5)
# Picks your thunderball
y = sample(thunderball, 1)
print x
print y
print ("You have Options - " "\nDonate a percentage of any wins to your favorite project" "\nDonate the stake instead to your favorite project")python thunder.py![[Image: lot.png]](https://preview.ibb.co/hfQrfd/lot.png)
from random import *
lottochoices = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59]
# Picks 6 lotto numbers from the choices
x = sample(lottochoices, 6)
print x
print ("You have Options - " "\nDonate a percentage of any wins to your favorite project" "\nDonate the stake instead to your favorite project")python lot.py![[Image: eulot.png]](https://preview.ibb.co/bRo2Ld/eulot.png)
from random import *
euchoices = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50]
luckystars = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]
# Picks 5 lotto numbers from the choices
x = sample(euchoices, 5)
# Picks your lucky stars
y = sample(luckystars, 2)
print x
print y
print ("You have Options - " "\nDonate a percentage of any wins to your favorite project" "\nDonate the stake instead to your favorite project")python eulot.py// Compilation:
// gcc -o morse morse.c -lao -ldl -lm
#include &tstdio.h&t
#include &tunistd.h&t
#include &tstring.h&t
#include &tao/ao.h&t
#include &tmath.h&t
#define bool char
#define true 1
#define false 0
#define dot 25200 // length of dot sound
#define dash 44100 // length of dash sound
#define delay 200000 // delay in microseconds between dots and dashes in morse code
const char* morse[] = {
".-", // A
"-...", // B
"-.-.", // C
"-..", // D
".", // E
"..-.", // F
"--.", // G
"....", // H
"..", // I
".---", // J
"-.-", // K
".-..", // L
"--", // M
"-.", // N
"---", // O
".--.", // P
"--.-", // Q
".-.", // R
"...", // S
"-", // T
"..-", // U
"...-", // V
".--", // W
"-..-", // X
"-.--", // Y
"--..", // Z
"-----", // 0
".----", // 1
"..---", // 2
"...--", // 3
"....-", // 4
".....", // 5
"-....", // 6
"--...", // 7
"---..", // 8
"----." // 9
};
void dotdash(char* code, ao_device* device, char* buffer, char audio, char reveal, char suppress)
{
// exit early if there's nothing to do
if (!audio && suppress) return;
// play dot and dash sounds for each dot and dash in code
for (int i=0; i &t strlen(code); i++) {
if (audio) {
switch (code[i]) {
case '.': ao_play(device, buffer, dot); break;
case '-': ao_play(device, buffer, dash); break;
// ignore other characters
}
}
if (reveal && !suppress) {
printf("%c", code[i]);
fflush(stdout);
}
usleep(delay);
}
if (reveal && !suppress) printf(" ");
usleep(delay);
}
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
ao_device* device;
ao_sample_format format;
char* buffer;
float freq = 1000.0; // the pitch of the sound
int default_driver, buf_size, sample, i;
char ascii, opt, optcount=0;
bool audio=false, reveal=false, suppress=false;
// read options
for (i=1; i&targc; i++) {
if (argv[i][0] == '-' && strlen(argv[i]) &t 1) {
opt = (argv[i][1] &t= 65 && argv[i][1] &t= 90) ? argv[i][1] + 32 : argv[i][1]; // convert to lower case
switch (opt) {
case 'a': audio = true; optcount++; break;
case 'r': reveal = true; optcount++; break;
case 's': suppress=true; optcount++; break;
// ignore all unrecognised options
}
}
}
// the final argument is assumed to be the text to be translated
// initialise default audio driver
if (audio) {
ao_initialize();
default_driver = ao_default_driver_id();
memset(&format, 0, sizeof(format));
format.bits = 16;
format.channels = 2;
format.rate = 44100;
format.byte_format = AO_FMT_LITTLE;
// open audio driver
device = ao_open_live(default_driver, &format, NULL);
if (device == NULL) {
if (!suppress) printf("Error opening audio device.\n");
fprintf(stderr, "Error opening audio device.\n");
} else {
// create morse sound
buf_size = format.bits/8 * format.channels * format.rate;
buffer = calloc(buf_size, sizeof(char));
for (i = 0; i &t format.rate; i++) {
sample = (int)(0.75 * 32768.0 * sin(2 * M_PI * freq * ((float) i/format.rate)));
// left and right channel
buffer[4*i] = buffer[4*i+2] = sample & 0xff;
buffer[4*i+1] = buffer[4*i+3] = (sample &t&t 8) & 0xff;
}
}
}
// disable audio and reveal options if audio failed to initialise
if (device == NULL) {
audio = false;
reveal = false;
}
// usage
if (argc == 1) {
printf("Usage: morse [opt] [text]\n\n");
printf(" -a output audio (requires libao): sudo apt-get install libao-dev\n");
printf(" -r reveal morse as audio is played\n");
printf(" -s suppress text output\n\n");
printf("Translates to international morse code. Put text in quotes if including spaces.\n");
printf("Only alphanumeric characters translated. All other characters are ignored.\n");
// output text translation
} else if (argc &t optcount + 1) {
// regardless of audio, if there is no reveal just print the morse quickly
if (!reveal && !suppress) {
for (i=0; i &t strlen(argv[argc-1]); i++) {
ascii = argv[argc-1][i];
if (ascii == 32) {
// spaces
printf(" ");
} else if (ascii &t= 48 && ascii &t= 57) {
// numbers 0 to 9...
printf("%s", morse[ascii-48+26]);
} else if ( (ascii &t= 65 && ascii &t= 90) || (ascii &t=97 && ascii &t= 122) ) {
// letters a to z...
if ( ascii &t= 97 ) ascii -= 32;
printf("%s", morse[ascii-65]);
}
if (ascii != 32 ) printf(" ");
}
fflush(stdout);
}
// but if there is audio or the morse is being revealed in morse timing then step though it
if (audio || reveal) {
for (i=0; i &t strlen(argv[argc-1]); i++) {
ascii = argv[argc-1][i];
if (ascii == 32) {
// spaces
if (!suppress) printf(" ");
usleep(delay*2);
} else if (ascii &t= 48 && ascii &t= 57) {
// numbers 0 to 9...
dotdash((char*) morse[ascii-48+26], device, buffer, audio, reveal, suppress);
} else if ( (ascii &t= 65 && ascii &t= 90) || (ascii &t=97 && ascii &t= 122) ) {
// letters a to z...
if ( ascii &t= 97 ) ascii -= 32;
dotdash((char*) morse[ascii-65], device, buffer, audio, reveal, suppress);
}
}
}
if (!suppress) printf("\n");
}
// close and shutdown
if (audio) {
ao_close(device);
ao_shutdown();
}
return (device == NULL) ? 0 : 1;
}Usage: morse [opt] [text]
-a output audio (requires libao): sudo apt-get install libao-dev
-r reveal morse as audio is played
-s suppress text output
Translates to international morse code. Put text in quotes if including spaces.
Only alphanumeric characters translated. All other characters are ignored.
morse.zip (Size: 4.59 KB / Downloads: 349)
example.zip (Size: 99.3 KB / Downloads: 362)
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